His mathematical model showed that an increase of carbon dioxide results in an increase in surface temperatures, therefore both factors are correlated. The first study on the effects of carbon dioxide was studied by Swedish Nobel chemist Svante Arrhenius. The combustion of petroleum causes an increased amount of carbon dioxide emissions as well as other greenhouse gases. Acid rain also leads to the corrosion of machinery and structures (large amounts of capital) and to the slow destruction of archeological structures like the marble ruins of Rome and Greece. Coral reefs are also destroyed from the acidified rainfall of acid rain. For example acid rain can kill trees, acidified lakes and kill fish. The acid rain has adverse impacts on the larger ecosystem. The emissions were large enough to acidify the rainfall. Data samples analyzed from the United States and Europe from the past 100 years and showed an increase in nitrous oxide emissions from combustion. The increased concentrations of nitrates and other acidic substances have significant effects on the pH levels of rainfall. These by-products combine with water in the atmosphere to create acid rain. Combustion causes an increased amount of nitrous oxide s, along with sulfur dioxide from the sulfur in the oil. The combustion process of petroleum, coal, and wood is responsible for increased occurrence of acid rain. Soot is cancer causing (carcinogenic) Acid rain Also, fine particulates of soot blacken humans' and other animals' lungs and cause heart problems or death. There were also differences observed in sex ratios and the birth weight of the children. The study found an increased occurrence of premature births in mothers that lived in close proximity to oil refineries than mothers who lived away from oil refineries. A study investigating the effects of oil refineries in Taiwan. This increase in pollution has adverse effects on human health due to the toxicity of oil. In the refinement stages of petroleum also contributes to large amounts of pollution in urban areas. However, despite the large amounts of pollutants, there is uncertainty about the amount and concentration of certain pollutants. When oil or petroleum distillates are combusted, usually the combustion is not complete and the chemical reaction leaves by-products which are not water or carbon dioxide. Certain by-products include carbon monoxide and methanol. In the extraction phase there are emissions of not only carbon dioxide but various other pollutants like nitrous oxides and aerosols. Emissions from the petroleum industry occur in every chain of the oil-producing process from the extraction to the consumption phase.
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